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The history of machining involves constantly evolving technology, with machines, cutting tools and components advancing at different paces and often leapfrogging one another. As spindle speeds began to increase in early 1990s, a group of international manufacturers, academics and the Association of German Tool Manufacturing came together to make sure toolholder performance didn't fall behind. Their work produced the German DIN standards for HSK toolholders and spindles.
Here's the fun part: there's not just one style of HSK toolholder. The group defined a total of six (!) HSK styles, represented with the letters A through F. Each style features different characteristics for targeted applications, but in a nutshell: styles A, B, C and D were designed for standard applications, and styles E and F were designed for higher speed applications.
In this article, you'll find a quick primer on HSK, as well as deeper dives into the three most popular HSK forms: A, E and F.
The Basics of HSK
The defining characteristic of HSK toolholders are their hollow 1/10 taper. During high-speed rotation, spindles can tend to bellmouth slightly, sucking a traditional steep taper toolholder (CT, BT, NMTB) into the spindle and negatively impacting machine precision. The hollow taper of HSK toolholders are designed to expand with the spindle, with the elastic deformation of the taper ensuring consistent and solid contact with the spindle wall.
Additionally, when an HSK drawbar clamps the toolholder, the toolholder is drawn into the spindle, making a second contact surface between the toolholder flange and spindle face. This helps ensure positioning accuracy, and provides additional support against radial forces during heavier cutting.
HSK toolholders come in a range of sizes directly related to the flange diameter in millimeters: 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 80, 100, 125 and 160.
HSK A: The Most Common Style
Of the six styles of HSK toolholders, the A style is the most common. Designed for moderate to high spindle speeds and moderate torque, HSK A toolholders feature:
HSK A toolholders are in stock at HAIMER in the following sizes:
HSK E:For High-Speed Performance
Built for higher spindle speeds, the HSK E style removes all sources of unbalance found in HSK A style toolholders. This includes:
The perfectly symmetrical HSK E form makes it ideal for extremely high-speed, lower torque machining applications. HSK E style holders are in stock at HAIMER in the following sizes:
HSK F: For Demanding High-Speed Applications
Also for high-speed, lower torque applications, HSK F style toolholders are identical to the HSK E toolholders except for one major factor: the tapers are actually one size smaller than an E style shank of the same size. So a HSK 63F toolholder will have the same size taper as an HSK 50E toolholder.
Why does this matter? The reduced taper size leaves space for a larger flange face, allowing for greater flange-to-spindle face contact area. HAIMER stocks HSK F style holders in the following configurations:
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